Dialectic Schemes in Thesaurus Creation

This article looks at the logical relationships between the categories that have led to the development of the thesaurus, including the historical origins of thesaurus construction. The research uses the dialectical, logical relationships of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. Each step in the dialectic of thesaurus creation includes subjective and objective thought as part of the thesis and antithesis, resolved by the more absolute thinking of the synthesis

The Identification of the Information Quanta in Semantic Network: A basis for the Structural Analysis in Ontology Evaluation

The following article proposes a novel context by Information Quanta in the structural analysis of ontologies, which could be used to develop ontology evaluation metrics and measures. The identification of information quantum needs to clarify knowledge quanta in knowledge systems and semantic networks by considering two influential theories as Quantum Theory of Knowledge (QTK) proposed by Burgin (1995a; 1997; 2004) and the Semantic Link Theory of Knowledge (SLTK) proposed by Zhuge (2004; 2010; 2012). QTK identifies the quantum level of knowledge as knowledge quanta comprising the minimal blocks or units of knowledge in the construction of knowledge systems. In this case, knowledge quanta are primitive propositions and predicates. Elementary units of semantic networks, the triad of two nodes and a labeled semantic link between them, in SLTK based on the Semantic Link Network Theory (SLNT) could be conceptualized as knowledge quanta. Quantum units of knowledge are shared representations in the QTK and the SLTK. As a kind of semantic network, ontology also includes the triads of nodes and semantic links defined as knowledge quanta here. A semantic link as a knowledge quantum can be divided into its components, i.e., into three parts: subject, object, and relation. These separate parts can be considered as the information quantum or semantic network data. Finally, it can be said that the information quantum or data in the semantic network of ontologies that include the subject, object, and relation are derived from the fragmentation of the semantic links into their components. Identifying information quanta in ontologies could play an influential role in establishing and developing a new context in the structural analysis of ontologies through proposing, developing and applying new metrics and criteria in measurement of the mentioned quantum elements (i.e., ontology data)

An Analytical Approach to Categorize Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) in Digital Content Engineering and Management

Purpose: The principal purpose of the present article is to analyze the technical mechanisms and the categorization procedure of thesaurus, ontology, and their types in storage and retrieval of digital and non-digital content. The types of knowledge organization systems (KOSs) which are addressed in this article are Roget’s thesaurus, thesauri, Micro, Macro and Meta thesaurus, ontologies, and lower, middle, or upper-level ontologies. The study attempts to demonstrate categorization the procedure through determining the position of KOSs in the context of data, information, and knowledge (DIK) by explaining their engineering mechanisms such as data, information, and knowledge engineering in content storage and retrieval, especially digital content. Method: The research method relies on documented and historical methodology. Findings: As ontologies have taken the highest position amidst KOSs in making digital resources available in a web based environment, it is suggested that Iran and other developing countries use the capacities and capabilities of ontologies, especially in the development of national ontologies, in order to construct their knowledge-based infrastructure and system to achieve high performance in digital content engineering and management

A Synthesis Survey of Ontology Evaluation Tools, Applications and Methods to Propose a Novel Branch in Evaluating the Structure of Ontologies: Graph-Independent Approach

Diverse tools, application and methods can logically be organized in clear categories (i.e., Gold standard, Application, Data-driven and Human assessment) or their dimensions (i.e., Functionality (task-based), Usability based and Structural evaluation). This paper attempts to propose a novel branch in structural analysis of ontology through analyzing current methods. Structural dimensions can be involved in evaluating ontologies when the research attempts to analyze the graph representation based on Conceptual Graph (CG). Two types of nodes (i.e., concepts and conceptual relations) can be merely linked with one another via logical conjunction. When logical conjunction between concepts and conceptual relations were removed, the remaining components would be independent domains which would no longer bear the meaning of graph.  The separate concepts and conceptual relations cannot be involved in the notion of the graph-dependent approach. Thus, there is the lack of a novel branch in structural analysis which is called Graph-independent approach

An Analytical Approach to Categorize Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) in Digital Content Engineering and Management

Purpose: The principal purpose of the present article is to analyze the technical mechanisms and the categorization procedure of thesaurus, ontology, and their types in storage and retrieval of digital and non-digital content. The types of knowledge organization systems (KOSs) which are addressed in this article are Roget’s thesaurus, thesauri, Micro, Macro and Meta thesaurus, ontologies, and lower, middle, or upper-level ontologies. The study attempts to demonstrate categorization the procedure through determining the position of KOSs in the context of data, information, and knowledge (DIK) by explaining their engineering mechanisms such as data, information, and knowledge engineering in content storage and retrieval, especially digital content.Method: The research method relies on documented and historical methodology. Findings: As ontologies have taken the highest position amidst KOSs in making digital resources available in a web based environment, it is suggested that Iran and other developing countries use the capacities and capabilities of ontologies, especially in the development of national ontologies, in order to construct their knowledge-based infrastructure and system to achieve high performance in digital content engineering and management

The AGROVOC Concept Server Workbench System: Empowering management of agricultural vocabularies with semantics

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is recognized as an information and knowledge-base organization. FAO's activities comprise four main areas which are closely related to various aspects of information and knowledge: capture and analyze, disseminate and share, localize and provide. The goal of developing and maintaining tools for information and knowledge management is attributed to the Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension (OEK) of FAO. One of the most important resources for covering the terminology of all subject fields in agriculture domain is the AGROVOC thesaurus, which evolved into a semantic system in order to provide ontology services. This newly reengineered system is called the “AGROVOC Concept Server Workbench (ACSW)”. This article analyzes the different knowledge productions modes for the traditional AGROVOC and the new ACSW system: mode I assimilate to the traditional AGROVOC Thesaurus management and mode II to the ACSW system